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Old Cairo
Old Cairo is a living museum of Egypt’s rich religious and architectural history. It is where Islamic and Coptic cultures converge, showcasing centuries of spiritual, cultural, and artistic traditions. Walking through the narrow streets of Old Cairo feels like traveling back in time, with ancient mosques, churches, synagogues, and bustling markets telling stories of a vibrant past.
Islamic Landmarks in Old Cairo

The Citadel of Saladin
Perched atop Mokattam Hill, the Citadel of Saladin offers panoramic views of Cairo. Built in the 12th century, it was the center of Islamic rule in Egypt for over 700 years. Its crown jewel is the stunning Mohamed Ali Mosque, also known as the Alabaster Mosque, with its impressive domes and minarets.
Sultan Hassan Mosque and Al-Rifa’i Mosque
These twin mosques, located near the Citadel, are architectural masterpieces. The Sultan Hassan Mosque, built in the 14th century, is one of the largest mosques in the world. Right across lies the Al-Rifa’i Mosque, where members of Egypt’s royal family and Iran’s last Shah are entombed.
Al-Azhar Mosque
Established in 970 AD, the Al-Azhar Mosque is the world’s oldest university still operating. It is a hub of Islamic learning and spirituality, attracting scholars and students from across the globe.
The Mosque of Ibn Tulun
One of Egypt’s oldest and most beautiful mosques, the Ibn Tulun Mosque boasts a unique spiral minaret and a vast courtyard. Its simplicity and grandeur reflect the Abbasid architectural style.
Coptic Landmarks in Old Cairo

The Hanging Church
Known as the Church of the Virgin Mary, the Hanging Church is one of the oldest Coptic churches in Egypt. It is famous for its stunning woodwork, mosaics, and its location above a Roman fortress gate.
Saint Sergius and Bacchus Church
This historic church is believed to have sheltered the Holy Family during their flight into Egypt. Its crypt and ancient frescoes make it a significant pilgrimage site for Christians.
The Coptic Museum
Located in the heart of Old Cairo, the Coptic Museum houses an impressive collection of Christian artifacts, manuscripts, and art from Egypt’s Coptic period.
Ben Ezra Synagogue
Originally a church, the Ben Ezra Synagogue was converted into a synagogue in the 9th century. It is famed for the discovery of the Cairo Geniza, a collection of ancient Jewish manuscripts.
Exploring Old Cairo’s Streets and Souks

Old Cairo is not just about landmarks; it’s also about the atmosphere. Stroll through the vibrant Khan El Khalili Bazaar, where you’ll find everything from handmade jewelry to traditional spices. Don’t miss sampling local delights like koshari, falafel, and Egyptian tea at nearby cafés.
Tips for Visiting Old Cairo
Wear comfortable shoes for walking on cobblestone streets.
– Dress modestly, especially when visiting mosques and churches.
– Hire a knowledgeable guide to understand the rich history and stories behind each site.
– Visit early in the morning or late afternoon to avoid crowds and enjoy cooler weather.
Conclusion
Old Cairo is a testament to Egypt’s diverse religious and
cultural heritage. Its Islamic and Coptic landmarks, combined with its vibrant
streets and markets, make it a unique destination that captures the essence of
Egypt’s history. Whether you’re exploring the grandeur of mosques or the
serenity of Coptic churches, Old Cairo promises an enriching experience that
will leave you in awe.
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